时空也是螺旋状 黄金分割影响宇宙【皇冠新体育app】

A cosmic constant known as the ‘golden ratio’ is said to be found in the shape of hurricanes, elephant tusks and even in galaxies.据报，在飓风的漩涡形状、大象的长牙甚至星系中都可以找到那个被称作“黄金分割亲率”的宇宙常数。Now researchers say this ratio is also seen in the topology of space-time, affecting the entire universe as a whole.现在，研究人员回应，这一比率也可在时空的流形结构中找到，影响着整个宇宙。

And they say this number can be used to link everything in the universe together, from space-time to chemistry to biology.他们同时谈及，这个比率可用作将宇宙中的一切事物联系到一起，从时空到化学，再行到生物。The research was carried out by Dr Jan Boeyens at the University of Pretoria and Dr Francis Thackeray of the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa.该研究是由南非比勒陀利亚大学的扬·布因思博士和威特沃特斯兰德大学的弗朗西斯·萨克里博士共同完成的。They say the golden ratio - 1.618 - can be seen ‘related not only to aspects of mathematics but also to physics, chemistry, biology and the topology of space-time.’他们说道，可以显现出黄金分割亲率——1.618“不仅与数学方面有关，还与物理、化学、生物和时空的流形结构有关”。

And it may dictate how certain things in the universe take shape.而且这一比率有可能要求了宇宙中特定事物的成形。The golden ratio, represented by the Greek letter phi, is said to be a mathematical connection between two aspects of an object.据信，黄金分割亲率，用希腊字母Φ回应，是一个物体的两个方面之间的数学联系。It can be artificially used – for example, some 20th century artists used it for the rectangular shape of their portraits from the long side to the short side.这一比率可被人为地利用：比如一些20世纪的艺术家用它来要求矩形肖像画的长边和短边的边长。They believed that the ratio created an aesthetically pleasing appearance.他们坚信，这种比率建构一个美观的外观。

But the ratio is not just artificially created – it is apparently found through nature in the stems of plants, skeletons of animals and so on.但是这个比率并某种程度是人为建构的，很似乎，在大大自然中也可以找到这一比率，还包括植物的茎和动物的骨架等等。And the shape of spirals also seem to follow the golden ratio. This suggests that geometric shapes in the universe ultimately succumb to this mathematical property.而且，螺旋的形状也合乎黄金分割亲率。这指出，宇宙中的几何形状最后还是屈服于这个数学属性。

‘A convincing case for assuming a cosmic character of the golden ratio can be made based on the ubiquity of logarithmic spirals,’ the researchers write.研究人员写出到：“假设黄金分割亲率具备宇宙属性，最不具说服力的例子是无处不在的对数螺线。”‘Spectacular examples include the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51), ammonites, the shape of Nautilus shells, Hurricane Katrina and the distribution of planets, moons, asteroids and rings in the solar system.’引人注目的例子有漩涡星系（M51）、菊石、鹦鹉螺贝壳、卡特里娜飓风以及太阳系中行星、卫星、小行星和行星的环的产于。

The researchers suggest that the reason that this ratio is so ubiquitous is that it is actually a property of space-time.研究人员称之为，黄金分割亲率之所以无处不在，是因为它是一个时空特性。‘The argument that this amazing consilience (self-similarity) arises from a common environmental constraint, which can only be an intrinsic feature of curved space-time, is compelling,’ they write.他们写出到：“这一难以置信的与众不同（自相似性）源于一个少见的环境容许，即这不能是倾斜时空的固有特性。这个论点令人信服。

”‘The time has come to recognise that relativity and quantum theories can be integrated, and linked numerically to the value of a mathematical constant - whether in the context of space-time or biology’“时代变迁，现在，我们应当认识到相对论和量子论可以结合，并且在数值上与一个数学常量的值互为联系，不论是在时空还是在生物学的背景下。”Why the universe follows this rule, however, is not known.但是，我们还不告诉为什么宇宙遵循这个规律。

Some think that our fine-tuned universe is simply a lucky coincidence and, under the multiverse theory, there are an infinite number of other universes that were not quite so lucky.一些人指出我们的这个“微调过的宇宙”只是天缘凑巧，根据多重宇宙论，还有无数个宇宙就没这么幸运地了。

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